Stapedectomy is a surgical procedure of the middle ear performed to improve hearing. This is caused when stapes footplate is fixed in position, rather than being normally mobile, resulting in a conductive hearing loss .. The first cause is a disease process of abnormal mineralization of the temporal bone called otosclerosis. The second is a congenital malformation of the stapes. In both of these situations, it is possible to improve hearing by removing the stapes bone and replacing it with a micro prosthesis - a stapedectomy, or creating a small hole in the fixed stapes footplate and inserting a tiny, piston-like prosthesis - a stapedotomy. Nine out of ten patients who undergo the procedure will come out with significantly improved hearing while less than 1% will experience worsened hearing ability or deafness.

Snoring is a sound resulting from turbulent airflow that causes tissues to vibrate during sleep. When we are asleep, the area at the back of the throat sometimes narrows which causes the tissues surrounding the opening to vibrate, which in turn can cause the sounds of snoring. Different people who snore may have various reasons for the narrowing of the area at the back of the throat. The narrowing can be in the nose, mouth, or throat. In adults, the most common causes of obstruction are septal deviations or tissue swelling from allergies, alcohol, certain medications and weight gain. In children, enlarged adenoids and tonsils are often the cause of the obstruction. Snoring may not be a medical problem, but it can become a significant social problem for the snorer and sleep problem for the bed partner. It becomes a more serious problem when apneic episodes are witnessed ( breathing stops briefly or gasping )when there is lowered oxygen levels in the blood. The brain senses this decrease in blood oxygen and sends awakening signals so that an open airway can be restored and breathing can resume. The sudden decreases in oxygen levels that occur with sleep apnea place a burden on the cardiovascular system, leading to the development of high blood pressure in approximately half of those suffering from sleep apnea, and this increases the risks of stroke and heart failure. There are various surgical procedures undertaken in our hospital to correct the various peripheral causes of snoring.

No, tonsil and adenoids forms a minor fraction of the total lymphoid mass of human body therefore, removing tonsils and adenoids will not reduce the immunity. Tonsils and adenoids are lymphoid tissues located at the back of the mouth above and below the soft palate . This lymphoid tissue grows excessively during an acute infection, and it suddenly increases its immune activity to fight off the invaders. Often it does not completely return to its former size. Each subsequent infection leaves behind a larger set of tonsils and adenoids. Often the bacteria tend to colonize inside the tonsils which cannot be controlled by drugs .This condition may warrant surgery . Extremely large tonsils can impair breathing and swallowing.. Large adenoids can impair nose breathing and require a child to breathe through the mouth. Because they encircle the only connection between the middle ear and the eustachian tube, hypertrophied adenoids can also obstruct it and cause middle ear infections thus the need for surgery.